All Frameworks

Dependency Counts

For dependency counts, we start by looking at the dependencies for the meta-framework package directly. For example, how many production, development and overall dependencies does `Nuxt` have? We then look at dependencies for the starter projects specifically. Looking at a project's dependencies is more realistic (like the `starter-*` projects) as meta-frameworks rarely just include the meta-framework package alone. It is also important to look at direct dependencies.

Meta-framework Direct Package Counts

Framework	Deps	Dev	Prod	Graph
Astro	80	27	53	View
Mastro	1	0	1	View
Next.js	229	223	6	View
Nuxt	68	11	57	View
React Router	50	22	28	View
SolidStart	29	4	25	View
SvelteKit	25	13	12	View
TanStack Start	8	0	8	View

Metaframework Dependencies

Metaframework Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	1
TanStack Start	8
SvelteKit	25
SolidStart	29
React Router	50
Nuxt	68
Astro	80
Next.js	229

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Metaframework Development Dependencies

Metaframework Development Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	0
TanStack Start	0
SolidStart	4
Nuxt	11
SvelteKit	13
React Router	22
Astro	27
Next.js	223

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Metaframework Production Dependencies

Metaframework Production Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	1
Next.js	6
TanStack Start	8
SvelteKit	12
SolidStart	25
React Router	28
Astro	53
Nuxt	57

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Starter Projects

Framework	Deps Dev / Prod	All Deps	Dup. Deps	node_modules	Dep Install Size	Graph
Astro	2 / 1	390	11	207.84MB	186.51MB	View
Mastro	2 / 2	6	0	29.16MB	27.39MB	View
Next.js	6 / 3	421	12	560.04MB	506.22MB	View
Nuxt	2 / 3	694	63	208.81MB	172.24MB	View
React Router	8 / 6	268	9	106.86MB	102.22MB	View
SolidStart	1 / 6	227	8	124.34MB	99.61MB	View
SvelteKit	7 / 0	147	28	66.36MB	69.75MB	View
TanStack Start	11 / 13	424	14	234.77MB	198.52MB	View

Starter Project Dev Dependencies

Starter Project Dev Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
SolidStart	1
Astro	2
Mastro	2
Nuxt	2
Next.js	6
SvelteKit	7
React Router	8
TanStack Start	11

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Starter Project Production Dependencies

Starter Project Production Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
SvelteKit	0
Astro	1
Mastro	2
Next.js	3
Nuxt	3
React Router	6
SolidStart	6
TanStack Start	13

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Starter Project Duplicate Dependencies

Starter Project Duplicate Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	0
SolidStart	8
React Router	9
Astro	11
Next.js	12
TanStack Start	14
SvelteKit	28
Nuxt	63

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Node Modules Size

Methodology: Node Modules Size.

Node modules size

Node modules size data
Framework	Megabytes
Mastro	29.16 MB
SvelteKit	66.36 MB
React Router	106.86 MB
SolidStart	124.34 MB
Astro	207.84 MB
Nuxt	208.81 MB
TanStack Start	234.77 MB
Next.js	560.04 MB

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Build and Install Times

Methodology: Build and Install Times.

Framework	Avg Install	Min Install	Max Install	Avg Cold Build	Avg Warm Build	Build Output
Astro	1.66s	1.42s	2.12s	0.87s	0.85s	0.03MB
Mastro	0.56s	0.54s	0.61s	0.36s	0.36s	0.01MB
Next.js	3.15s	2.99s	3.58s	4.95s	5.05s	6.05MB
Nuxt	2.76s	2.62s	3.05s	3.82s	3.81s	2.46MB
React Router	1.15s	1.13s	1.17s	1.76s	1.71s	0.38MB
SolidStart	1.26s	1.22s	1.31s	2.81s	2.84s	0.51MB
SvelteKit	1.16s	1.12s	1.23s	2.67s	2.55s	1.36MB
TanStack Start	1.80s	1.77s	1.86s	5.55s	5.43s	2.05MB

Avg install time

Avg install time data
Framework	Seconds
Mastro	0.56s
React Router	1.15s
SvelteKit	1.16s
SolidStart	1.26s
Astro	1.66s
TanStack Start	1.80s
Nuxt	2.76s
Next.js	3.15s

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Cold build time

Cold build time data
Framework	Seconds
Mastro	0.36s
Astro	0.87s
React Router	1.76s
SvelteKit	2.67s
SolidStart	2.81s
Nuxt	3.82s
Next.js	4.95s
TanStack Start	5.55s

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Warm build time

Warm build time data
Framework	Seconds
Mastro	0.36s
Astro	0.85s
React Router	1.71s
SvelteKit	2.55s
SolidStart	2.84s
Nuxt	3.81s
Next.js	5.05s
TanStack Start	5.43s

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Build output size

Build output size data
Framework	Megabytes
Mastro	0.01 MB
Astro	0.03 MB
React Router	0.38 MB
SolidStart	0.51 MB
SvelteKit	1.36 MB
TanStack Start	2.05 MB
Nuxt	2.46 MB
Next.js	6.05 MB

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Core-JS Polyfills

Methodology: Core-JS Polyfills.

Framework	~Size	Unnecessary Modules
Astro	—	—
Mastro	—	—
Next.js	110.0 KB	302
Nuxt	—	—
React Router	—	—
SolidStart	—	—
SvelteKit	—	—
TanStack Start	—	—

Browser Baseline

Methodology: Browser Baseline.

Framework	Baseline	Feature	Year	Features
Astro	—	—	—	0
Mastro	—	—	—	0
Next.js	High	—	2022	46
Nuxt	Limited	temporal	—	40
React Router	High	—	2022	40
SolidStart	High	—	2020	30
SvelteKit	High	—	2020	40
TanStack Start	High	—	2022	45

Client Side Rendered Tests

Methodology: Client Side Rendered Tests.

Framework	First Paint	FCP
Astro	180.2ms	180.16ms
Next.js	394ms	394.01ms
Nuxt	245.4ms	245.5ms
React Router	243.2ms	243.26ms
SolidStart	193ms	193.29ms
SvelteKit	143.8ms	143.95ms
TanStack Start	251.2ms	251.16ms

First Paint (ms)

First Paint (ms) data
Framework	Milliseconds
SvelteKit	143.80 ms
Astro	180.20 ms
SolidStart	193.00 ms
React Router	243.20 ms
Nuxt	245.40 ms
TanStack Start	251.20 ms
Next.js	394.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

First Contentful Paint (ms)

First Contentful Paint (ms) data
Framework	Milliseconds
SvelteKit	143.95 ms
Astro	180.16 ms
SolidStart	193.29 ms
React Router	243.26 ms
Nuxt	245.50 ms
TanStack Start	251.16 ms
Next.js	394.01 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Server Side Rendered Tests

Methodology: Server Side Rendered Tests.

Framework	First Paint	FCP
Astro	134.6ms	134.46ms
Mastro	131.2ms	131.34ms
Next.js	173ms	173ms
Nuxt	166ms	165.99ms
React Router	127.2ms	127.16ms
SolidStart	157.6ms	157.59ms
SvelteKit	104ms	103.89ms
TanStack Start	171.6ms	171.58ms

First Paint (ms)

First Paint (ms) data
Framework	Milliseconds
SvelteKit	104.00 ms
React Router	127.20 ms
Mastro	131.20 ms
Astro	134.60 ms
SolidStart	157.60 ms
Nuxt	166.00 ms
TanStack Start	171.60 ms
Next.js	173.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

First Contentful Paint (ms)

First Contentful Paint (ms) data
Framework	Milliseconds
SvelteKit	103.89 ms
React Router	127.16 ms
Mastro	131.34 ms
Astro	134.46 ms
SolidStart	157.59 ms
Nuxt	165.99 ms
TanStack Start	171.58 ms
Next.js	173.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Server Side Throughput Tests

Methodology: Server Side Throughput Tests.

Framework	Ops/sec	Median Latency	Body Size	Duplication
Baseline HTML	840	1.203ms	96.83kb	1x
Astro	695	1.397ms	96.89kb	1x
Mastro	339	2.905ms	327.46kb	1.5x
Next.js	235	4.478ms	199.57kb	2x
Nuxt	370	2.629ms	201.27kb	2x
React Router	355	2.794ms	211.63kb	2x
SolidStart	422	2.289ms	224.17kb	2x
SvelteKit	455	2.127ms	183.53kb	2x
TanStack Start	331	2.998ms	193.62kb	2x

Ops/sec

Ops/sec data
Framework	Operations per second
Baseline HTML	840
Astro	695
SvelteKit	455
SolidStart	422
Nuxt	370
React Router	355
Mastro	339
TanStack Start	331
Next.js	235

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Body Size

Body Size data
Framework	Kilobytes
Baseline HTML	96.83 KB
Astro	96.89 KB
SvelteKit	183.53 KB
TanStack Start	193.62 KB
Next.js	199.57 KB
Nuxt	201.27 KB
React Router	211.63 KB
SolidStart	224.17 KB
Mastro	327.46 KB

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Median Latency

Median Latency data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	1.20 ms
Astro	1.40 ms
SvelteKit	2.13 ms
SolidStart	2.29 ms
Nuxt	2.63 ms
React Router	2.79 ms
Mastro	2.90 ms
TanStack Start	3.00 ms
Next.js	4.48 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Server Side Load Test

Methodology: Server Side Load Test.

Framework	Peak req/s	Peak Connections	P99 @ 25	P99 @ 50	P99 @ 100	Total Req.
Baseline HTML	1,623.6	100	18ms	41ms	107ms	47,767
Astro	1,180.2	100	36ms	74ms	328ms	35,616
Mastro	388.4	50	69ms	331ms	2910ms	12,462
Next.js	36.8	5	2130ms	4623ms	4655ms	1,020
Nuxt	67	10	2028ms	4119ms	4209ms	2,179
React Router	168.6	50	335ms	1741ms	3929ms	5,372
SolidStart	518.6	25	112ms	460ms	2474ms	15,885
SvelteKit	502.8	25	79ms	393ms	2249ms	16,065
TanStack Start	44.2	5	3995ms	4628ms	4467ms	1,338

P99 Latency

P99 Latency at 25 Connections

P99 Latency at 25 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	18.00 ms
Astro	36.00 ms
Mastro	69.00 ms
SvelteKit	79.00 ms
SolidStart	112.00 ms
React Router	335.00 ms
Nuxt	2028.00 ms
Next.js	2130.00 ms
TanStack Start	3995.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P99 Latency at 50 Connections

P99 Latency at 50 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	41.00 ms
Astro	74.00 ms
Mastro	331.00 ms
SvelteKit	393.00 ms
SolidStart	460.00 ms
React Router	1741.00 ms
Nuxt	4119.00 ms
Next.js	4623.00 ms
TanStack Start	4628.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P99 Latency at 100 Connections

P99 Latency at 100 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	107.00 ms
Astro	328.00 ms
SvelteKit	2249.00 ms
SolidStart	2474.00 ms
Mastro	2910.00 ms
React Router	3929.00 ms
Nuxt	4209.00 ms
TanStack Start	4467.00 ms
Next.js	4655.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P90 Latency

P90 Latency at 25 Connections

P90 Latency at 25 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	18.00 ms
Astro	23.00 ms
SvelteKit	60.00 ms
Mastro	65.00 ms
SolidStart	69.00 ms
React Router	156.00 ms
Nuxt	381.00 ms
Next.js	771.00 ms
TanStack Start	793.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P90 Latency at 50 Connections

P90 Latency at 50 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	33.00 ms
Astro	44.00 ms
Mastro	130.00 ms
SvelteKit	136.00 ms
SolidStart	155.00 ms
React Router	295.00 ms
Nuxt	509.00 ms
TanStack Start	765.00 ms
Next.js	2544.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P90 Latency at 100 Connections

P90 Latency at 100 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	80.00 ms
Astro	90.00 ms
SolidStart	193.00 ms
SvelteKit	234.00 ms
Mastro	264.00 ms
React Router	416.00 ms
Nuxt	611.00 ms
TanStack Start	1455.00 ms
Next.js	2866.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Core Web Vitals

CWV Desktop

Framework	LCP%	CLS%	FCP%	TTFB%	INP%
Astro	91	87	91	82	97
SolidStart	91	66	91	83	100
SvelteKit	79	77	78	71	94
Next.js	72	69	76	67	94
React Router	61	62	66	70	90
Nuxt.js	65	57	67	59	95

Good Largest Contentful Paint

Measures how fast a page's main content loads. To provide a good user experience, the LCP should be 2.5 seconds or less.

Good Largest Contentful Paint data
Framework	%
Astro	91
SolidStart	91
SvelteKit	79
Next.js	72
Nuxt.js	65
React Router	61

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift

Measures how much and how far content unexpectedly moves on a page. To provide a good user experience, sites should maintain a CLS score of 0.1 or less for at least 75% of page visits.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift data
Framework	%
Astro	87
SvelteKit	77
Next.js	69
SolidStart	66
React Router	62
Nuxt.js	57

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good First Contentful Paint

Measures initial loading speed. To provide a good user experience, the FCP should be 1.8 seconds or less.

Good Time To First Byte

Measures the time between the request for a resource and when the first byte of a response begins to arrive. A good TTFB is less than or equal to 800ms.

Good Time To First Byte data
Framework	%
SolidStart	83
Astro	82
SvelteKit	71
React Router	70
Next.js	67
Nuxt.js	59

Good Interaction to Next Paint

Measures overall page responsiveness to user actions. To provide a good user experience, the INP should be 200ms or less.

Good Interaction to Next Paint data
Framework	%
SolidStart	100
Astro	97
Nuxt.js	95
SvelteKit	94
Next.js	94
React Router	90

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

CWV Mobile

Framework	LCP%	CLS%	FCP%	TTFB%	INP%
Astro	77	92	71	60	86
SolidStart	90	63	90	81	100
SvelteKit	67	81	60	58	75
Next.js	51	69	50	47	58
Nuxt.js	45	58	43	45	65
React Router	41	64	41	53	56

Good Largest Contentful Paint

Measures how fast a page's main content loads. To provide a good user experience, the LCP should be 2.5 seconds or less.

Good Largest Contentful Paint data
Framework	%
SolidStart	90
Astro	77
SvelteKit	67
Next.js	51
Nuxt.js	45
React Router	41

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift

Measures how much and how far content unexpectedly moves on a page. To provide a good user experience, sites should maintain a CLS score of 0.1 or less for at least 75% of page visits.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift data
Framework	%
Astro	92
SvelteKit	81
Next.js	69
React Router	64
SolidStart	63
Nuxt.js	58

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good First Contentful Paint

Measures initial loading speed. To provide a good user experience, the FCP should be 1.8 seconds or less.

Good Time To First Byte

Measures the time between the request for a resource and when the first byte of a response begins to arrive. A good TTFB is less than or equal to 800ms.

Good Time To First Byte data
Framework	%
SolidStart	81
Astro	60
SvelteKit	58
React Router	53
Next.js	47
Nuxt.js	45

Good Interaction to Next Paint

Measures overall page responsiveness to user actions. To provide a good user experience, the INP should be 200ms or less.

Good Interaction to Next Paint data
Framework	%
SolidStart	100
Astro	86
SvelteKit	75
Nuxt.js	65
Next.js	58
React Router	56

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Methodology: Core Web Vitals.